Europe is increasing 155 mm ammunition output, but production is no longer the main bottleneck. Testing, certification and fragmented national standards are now slowing deliveries across the continent. Since 2022, European countries have moved to sharply expand artillery ammunition output, particularly 155 mm rounds, which have become central to high-intensity warfare. Several manufacturers have announced […]
Naval mines remain one of the most effective tools for blocking a port, disrupting a trade route, or slowing a naval deployment. Inexpensive and difficult to attribute, they can generate a strategic effect far greater than their technical complexity would suggest. Yet mine warfare rarely dominates media coverage. Attention generally focuses on a handful of […]
Since 2022, the conflict in Ukraine has fundamentally reshaped the balance between offense and defense by demonstrating the operational effectiveness of low-cost drones used at scale. Systems such as the Shahed 136, estimated to cost between $20,000 and $50,000 per unit according to multiple open-source analyses, have enabled the saturation of air defense systems whose […]
In October 2025, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) still felt like a strategic warning, serious, but easy to postpone. In 2026, the framing is changing. Not because a “break-everything” quantum computer is already online, but because the prerequisites for a real transition are finally lining up: standards, policy timelines, and, most importantly, industrial proof points that address […]
The Netherlands’ recent engagement with the U.S. Collaborative Combat Aircraft initiative reflects more than an interest in a new generation of uncrewed combat platforms. It also highlights a deeper shift in how Western air forces are approaching manned–unmanned teaming, and exposes a growing divergence inside Europe over how the next generation of combat air power […]
Naval mines are often described as simple weapons. In practice, they remain one of the most effective tools for denying access to ports, disrupting trade routes, and slowing naval operations. Designed to control maritime access and constrain movement, mines are particularly effective in confined waters, where even a small number of devices can create a […]
Since 2022, the war in Ukraine has profoundly transformed the military use of drones. Russian forces regularly use Shahed-type attack drones to strike energy infrastructure, military installations, and urban areas. In response to these repeated attacks, Ukraine has sought to develop interception solutions that are less expensive than traditional air defense systems. The STING drone, […]
Since the start of the conflict on February 28, 2026, Iranian missiles have struck several areas in Israel despite numerous interceptions. Reuters reported strikes in the center of the country on Tuesday, March 3, 2026, while its photo report from Sunday, March 2, 2026 had already shown that some salvos had escaped interception and caused […]
Naval debates have long illustrated the idea of the “cheap shot”: a relatively inexpensive means, used intelligently, can force a disproportionately costly response. On land, the concept is discussed less as a formula than as a reality. What can be described as imposed-cost warfare has become a fully developed operational grammar. In Ukraine, the change […]
Since February 28, 2026, United States and Israeli strikes against Iran, and subsequent Iranian retaliatory actions, have created an operational environment in which multi-axis salvos are designed to overwhelm defensive capacity and force prioritization decisions. Iranian retaliation has notably combined one-way attack unmanned aerial systems such as the Shahed 136 with ballistic missiles drawn from […]
