Between contested airspace and IED-ridden roads, the goal is no longer to replace the armored ambulance, but to cut the time to care. Drones open the critical window; protected medical vehicles ensure continuity all the way to surgery. The Golden Hour is no longer just a medical guideline. In environments saturated with IEDs, electronic jamming […]
The renewed violence between Cambodia and Thailand in 2025 is a threshold conflict between two mid-sized armies fighting with what they actually have on hand: BM-21 rocket launchers and heavy Chinese systems on one side, modernized F-16s and radars on the other. Between these two poles, mines, drones, and conventional artillery shape a hybrid battlefield […]
From 2 to 10 November 2025, the active phase of Resolute Warrior 25 set the tempo in Latvia, as NATO ran a brigade-level exercise on the Eastern Flank. Long military convoys on public roads, combined-arms training on Camp Ādaži, manned and unmanned air activity overhead, for more than a week, the country moved to the […]
In 2025, Greece structured its air–maritime training cycle around operational needs rather than theatrics. There was no diplomatic grandstanding, no symbolic shows for a domestic audience. Athens built a coherent sequence of exercises designed to shorten the kill chain, secure key coastal approaches, test amphibious capabilities in realistic conditions and, above all, prove that its […]
Private Military Companies (PMCs) are often, wrongly, conflated with mercenary, even though they operate under distinct legal, political, and operational logic. Before assessing their legitimacy or effectiveness, it is therefore essential to clarify what these two concepts actually encompass. The difference between PMCs and traditional mercenaries is subtle but important. Mercenaries are individual combatants hired […]
A multi-role fighter aircraft is designed to carry out various types of missions, air superiority, close air support, reconnaissance, strike, and even electronic warfare within a single cell. Unlike specialized jets built solely for interception or bombing, multi-role fighters aim to deliver tactical flexibility with a single platform. The term “multi-role” gained prominence in the […]
For years, the Franco-Italian SAMP/T MAMBA system sat on the slidelines of European air and missile defense: technically impressive, sparsely deployed, and largely untested in combat. That began to change with its deployment to Ukraine and a recent series of high-intensity live-fire campaigns off the French Mediterranean coast. The SAMP/T MAMBA is a ground-based air defense […]
In Europe, dependence on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), satellite navigation systems such as the U.S. GPS or Europe’s Galileo, is no longer just an engineering concern. It has become a tangible risk for aircraft, ships, and the energy and telecom networks that rely on ultra-precise timing. In recent years, reports of interference have mounted: […]
As geopolitical tensions rise in the Baltic Sea, Sweden is accelerating the modernization of its maritime surveillance architecture, blending national initiatives, a stronger Coast Guard, and NATO integration, to secure a vital yet vulnerable domain. In 2025, a string of subsea incidents affecting data and energy cables helped trigger Baltic Sentry, NATO’s vigilance activity focused […]
Over the past few years, Poland has transformed its army from a post-Soviet structure into one of Europe’s most ambitious modernization programs. What began as an urgent catch-up effort has evolved into a full-scale industrial acceleration, backed by a defense budget approaching 4.7% of GDP in 2025, the highest ratio within NATO. Behind the headline […]
