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Indonesia strengthens naval sovereignty

Two flagship programs, the Scorpène Evolved submarines and the locally built Arrowhead 140-derived Merah Putih frigates are reshaping Indonesia’s defense industry and maritime posture. Background Between 2024 and 2025, Indonesia formalized the construction of two Scorpène Evolved submarines and two Merah Putih frigates. Both classes are being built locally, marking a shift toward greater deterrence […]

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Naval

Indonesia buys Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi

Indonesia is about to embark on an ambitious project: the acquisition of the Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi. This large-scale project raises many issues, challenges, and strategic implications. This article explores the details of this project, its technical and financial aspects, and the associated risks, while analyzing its geopolitical prospects. The Giuseppe Garibaldi: An Overview […]

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